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The Captain or Master of a merchant vessel is a licensed mariner in ultimate in command of the vessel. A Ship's Captain, also called Shipmaster, is responsible for its safe and efficient operation, including cargo operations, navigation, crew management and ensuring that the vessel complies with local and international laws, as well as company and flag state policies.
A Ship's Captain commands and manages all ship's personnel, and typically in charge of the ship's accounting, payrolls, and inventories. The Captain is responsible for compliance with immigration and customs regulations, maintaining the ship's certificates and documentation, compliance with the vessel's security plan, as mandated by the International Maritime Organization. The Captain is responsible for responding to and reporting in case of accidents and incidents, and in case of injuries and illness among the ship's crew and passengers.
A Ship's Captain must have a Master Mariner's license, issued by the ship's flag state. Various types of licenses exist, specifying the maximum vessel size (in gross tonnage) and in what geographic areas the captain can operate in. An unlimited master's license allows the captain to operate any vessel worldwide. Restricted tonnage licenses include vessel categories down to 100 tons gross tonnage and below. Examples of licenses with restricted geographic scope include those issued by the United States Coast Guard for the Great Lakes, inland waters, and near coastal waters. A candidate for an unlimited master's licenses requires several years of seagoing experience as third mate, second mate, and chief mate.
A Shipmaster at sea, during the navigation, represent some official authorities like the public notary, police, and has the official power to use, in some particular case, like mutiny and pirates assault, deadly force addressed to defend the interests of flag state, owner, environment, cargo owners, crew, passengers and the safe navigation activities and laws. No other official authorities on board, during the navigation, are in power to override the Captain from his important office. All persons aboard, crew and passengers, conforming to the nautical and navigation laws, must remain under the command and authority of the Captain.
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